Rundi or Kirundi, is the language spoken by about 9 million people in Burundi which falls into the Rwanda-Rundi group and neighboring parts of Tanzania and Congo-Kinshasa, as well as in Uganda. It is the official language of Burundi. Rundi is commonly used as the language in the times of Meeussen’s rule, a rule relating a certain pattern of tonal change in Bantu languages which is active as 10,000,000 in Burundi (2006 World Factbook), increasing 4,000,000 monolinguals.
Rajasthani have about 80 million speakers in total and it belonged to a Western Indo-Aryan group. It is spoken by about 20 million people in Rajasthan and neighboring states of India and Pakistan, or 50 million if Marwari is counted as Rajasthani, and it often is spoken frequently in Rajasthan and the neighboring states of Gujarat, Haryana and Punjab in India, and also in some parts of Sindh and Punjab in Pakistan.
Quechua is the language of people in Bolivia, Peru, Ecuador, Colombia and Argentina with an Amerind group and about 8 million populations. Quechua was the language of the Inca Empire which was shattered by the Spanish in the 16th century. Quechua (endonym “Runa Simi”) is a inhabitant South American language family spoken chiefly in the Andes of South America, derived from a common family language. It is the most common language of the native peoples of the Americas, with a total of some 8 to 10 million speakers.
Portuguese is the 6th most spoken language after Mandarin, Spanish, English, Hindi and Arabic according to the number of native speakers in the world with around 204 million native speakers. Portuguese, a Romance language which has its origin in Latin is official language of seven countries, Brazil, Portugal, Mozambique, Angola, Cape Verde, Guinea-Bissau, São Tomé and Príncipe. In India, Portuguese language is spoken by a number of inhabitants of Goa which was a Portuguese colony until 1961.
Punjabi is an Indo-Aryan language spoken by inhabitants of the historical Punjab region (India). It is a descendant of the Shauraseni language, which was the chief language of medieval northern India. Punjabi is unusual among modern Indo-European languages because it is a tonal language. Punjabi is natively spoken by the majority of the population of Pakistan, and it is the primary language of the Sikhs in India and the third-most natively spoken language in South Asia, after Hindustani and Hindi.
In Central & Eastern Europe, Polish is of cardinal importance, both diplomatically & academically. It is one of the official languages of the European Union. Polish is thoroughly related to both the Czech and Slovak languages; the Polish language is categorized as a Slavic language within the Indo-European family of languages. The inhabitants of different regions of Poland still speak “standard” Polish, though somewhat differently.
Pohnpeian is a language from Pohnpei Island and the Caroline Islands in the Federated States of Micronesia where Micronesian language is spoken by about 29,000 people. Ngatikese, Pingelapese and Mokilese are classified as dialects of Pohnpeian. Pohnpeian is written with the Latin alphabet developed by German missionaries. Pohnpeian shares appox 81% similarity with Pingelapese, 75% with Mokilese, and 36% with Trukic Chuukese. There are 29,000 in Micronesia (Johnstone and Mandryk 2001).
Phoenician/ Semitic language is the language of Canaanite subgroup with its closest living relative of Hebrew, to which it is very similar. Phoenician was a language originally spoken in the coastal (Mediterranean) region then called “Canaan” in Phoenician, Arabic, Greek, and Aramaic, “Phoenicia” in Greek and Latin, and “Pūt” in Ancient Egyptian. The area where Phoenician was spoken includes recent day Lebanon, coastal Syria, Palestine, northern Israel, parts of Cyprus and, at least as a status language, some neighboring areas of Anatolia.
Persian is an Iranian language within the Indo-Iranian branch of the Indo-European languages. It is primarily spoken in Iran (Persia) and other countries which historically came under Persian influence. There are approximately 110 million Persian speakers worldwide, with the language holding official status in Iran, Afghanistan and Tajikistan. For centuries Persian has also been a prestigious cultural language in Central Asia, South Asia, and Western Asia. Persian is used as a liturgical language of Islam in Iran, Afghanistan, and Tajikistan.
Papiamento is a Creole language derived from African languages and either Portuguese or Spanish, with some influences from Amerindian languages, English, and Dutch and originated from the islands of the Netherlands Antilles (Curaçao, Bonaire, Aruba). Papiamento have fundamentals of Spanish, Portuguese, Dutch, English and French, as well as Arawak and African languages. It is spoken by about 330,000. Papiamento is an official language of the Netherlands Antilles along with Dutch, which is the main written language on these islands.
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